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joshuaavalon/pypiserver

By joshuaavalon

Updated about 8 years ago

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joshuaavalon/pypiserver repository overview

.. -- mode: rst; coding: utf-8 --

.. image:: pypiserver_logo.png :width: 300 px :align: center

============================================================================== pypiserver - minimal PyPI server for use with pip/easy_install

|pypi-ver| |travis-status| |dependencies| |downloads-count| |python-ver|
|proj-license|

:Version: 1.2.2 :Date: 2018-06-12 11:49:30 :Source: https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver :PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/pypiserver/ :Travis: https://travis-ci.org/pypiserver/pypiserver :Maintainers: Kostis Anagnostopoulos [email protected], Matthew Planchard [email protected] :License: zlib/libpng + MIT

pypiserver is a minimal PyPI_ compatible server for pip or easy_install. It is based on bottle_ and serves packages from regular directories. Wheels, bdists, eggs and accompanying PGP-signatures can be uploaded either with pip, setuptools, twine, pypi-uploader, or simply copied with scp.

.. contents:: Table of Contents :backlinks: top

Quickstart: Installation and Usage

pypiserver > 1.2.x works with python 2.7 and 3.3+ or pypy. Older python-versions may still work, but they are not tested. For legacy python versions, use pypiserver-1.1.x series.

.. Tip:: The commands below work on a unix-like operating system with a posix shell. The '~' character expands to user's home directory.

If you're using Windows, you'll have to use their "Windows counterparts". The same is true for the rest of this documentation.

  1. Install pypiserver with this command::

    pip install pypiserver ## Or: pypiserver[passlib,watchdog] mkdir ~/packages ## Copy packages into this directory.

    See also Alternative Installation methods_.

  2. Copy some packages into your ~/packages folder and then get your pypiserver up and running::

    pypi-server -p 8080 ~/packages & ## Will listen to all IPs.

  3. From the client computer, type this::

    Download and Install hosted packages.

    pip install --extra-index-url http://localhost:8080/simple/ ...

    or

    pip install --extra-index-url http://localhost:8080

    Search hosted packages

    pip search --index http://localhost:8080 ...

    Note that pip search does not currently work with the /simple endpoint

    See also Client-side configurations_ for avoiding tedious typing.

  4. Enter pypi-server -h in the cmd-line to print a detailed usage message::

    pypi-server [OPTIONS] [PACKAGES_DIRECTORY...] start PyPI compatible package server serving packages from PACKAGES_DIRECTORY. If PACKAGES_DIRECTORY is not given on the command line, it uses the default ~/packages. pypiserver scans this directory recursively for packages. It skips packages and directories starting with a dot. Multiple package directories can be specified.

    pypi-server understands the following options:

    -p, --port PORT listen on port PORT (default: 8080)

    -i, --interface INTERFACE listen on interface INTERFACE (default: 0.0.0.0, any interface)

    -a, --authenticate (UPDATE|download|list), ... comma-separated list of (case-insensitive) actions to authenticate Use '.' or '' for empty. Requires to have set the password (-P option). For example to password-protect package downloads (in addition to uploads) while leaving listings public, give: -P foo/htpasswd.txt -a update,download To drop all authentications, use: -P . -a . Note that when uploads are not protected, the register command is not necessary, but ~/.pypirc still need username and password fields, even if bogus. By default, only 'update' is password-protected.

    -P, --passwords PASSWORD_FILE use apache htpasswd file PASSWORD_FILE to set usernames & passwords when authenticating certain actions (see -a option). If you want to allow un-authorized access, set this option and -a explicitly to empty (either '.' or'').

    --disable-fallback disable redirect to real PyPI index for packages not found in the local index

    --fallback-url FALLBACK_URL for packages not found in the local index, this URL will be used to redirect to (default: https://pypi.org/simple)

    --server METHOD use METHOD to run the server. Valid values include paste, cherrypy, twisted, gunicorn, gevent, wsgiref, auto. The default is to use "auto" which chooses one of paste, cherrypy, twisted or wsgiref.

    -r, --root PACKAGES_DIRECTORY [deprecated] serve packages from PACKAGES_DIRECTORY

    -o, --overwrite allow overwriting existing package files

    --hash-algo ALGO any hashlib available algo used as fragments on package links. Set one of (0, no, off, false) to disabled it. (default: md5)

    --welcome HTML_FILE uses the ASCII contents of HTML_FILE as welcome message response.

    -v enable INFO logging; repeat for more verbosity.

    --log-conf read logging configuration from FILE. By default, configuration is read from log.conf if found in server's dir.

    --log-file write logging info into this FILE.

    --log-frmt the logging format-string. (see logging.LogRecord class from standard python library) [Default: %(asctime)s|%(name)s|%(levelname)s|%(thread)d|%(message)s]

    --log-req-frmt FORMAT a format-string selecting Http-Request properties to log; set to '%s' to see them all. [Default: %(bottle.request)s]

    --log-res-frmt FORMAT a format-string selecting Http-Response properties to log; set to '%s' to see them all. [Default: %(status)s]

    --log-err-frmt FORMAT a format-string selecting Http-Error properties to log; set to '%s' to see them all. [Default: %(body)s: %(exception)s \n%(traceback)s]

    pypi-server -h pypi-server --help show this help message

    pypi-server --version show pypi-server's version

    pypi-server -U [OPTIONS] [PACKAGES_DIRECTORY...] update packages in PACKAGES_DIRECTORY. This command searches pypi.org for updates and shows a pip command line which updates the package.

    The following additional options can be specified with -U:

    -x execute the pip commands instead of only showing them

    -d DOWNLOAD_DIRECTORY download package updates to this directory. The default is to use the directory which contains the latest version of the package to be updated.

    -u allow updating to unstable version (alpha, beta, rc, dev versions)

    Visit https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver for more information.

Client-side Configurations

Always specifying the the pypi url on the command line is a bit cumbersome. Since pypiserver redirects pip/easy_install to the pypi.org index if it doesn't have a requested package, it's a good idea to configure them to always use your local pypi index.

Configuring pip

For pip command this can be done by setting the environment variable PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL in your .bashr/.profile/.zshrc::

export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=http://localhost:8080/simple/

or by adding the following lines to ~/.pip/pip.conf::

[global] extra-index-url = http://localhost:8080/simple/

.. Note:: If you have installed pypiserver on a remote url without https you wil receive an "untrusted" warning from pip, urging you to append the --trusted-host option. You can also include this option permanently in your configuration-files or environment variables.

Configuring easy_install

For easy_install command you may set the following configuration in ~/.pydistutils.cfg::

[easy_install] index_url = http://localhost:8080/simple/

Uploading Packages Remotely

Instead of copying packages directly to the server's folder (i.e. with scp), you may use python tools for the task, e.g. python setup.py upload. In that case, pypiserver is responsible for authenticating the upload-requests.

.. Note:: We strongly advise to password-protected your uploads!

It is possible to disable authentication for uploads (e.g. in intranets). To avoid lazy security decisions, read help for -P and -a options.

Apache-like authentication (htpasswd)

#. First make sure you have the passlib module installed (note that passlib>=1.6 is required), which is needed for parsing the Apache htpasswd file specified by the -P, --passwords option (see next steps)::

 pip install passlib

#. Create the Apache htpasswd file with at least one user/password pair with this command (you'll be prompted for a password)::

 htpasswd -sc htpasswd.txt <some_username>

.. Tip:: Read this SO question for running htpasswd cmd under Windows:

     http://serverfault.com/questions/152950/how-to-create-and-edit-htaccess-and-htpasswd-locally-on-my-computer-and-then-u

  or if you have bogus passwords that you don't care because they are for
  an internal service (which is still "bad", from a security prespective...)
  you may use this public service:

     http://www.htaccesstools.com/htpasswd-generator/

.. Tip:: When accessing pypiserver via the api, alternate authentication methods are available via the auther config flag. Any callable returning a boolean can be passed through to the pypiserver config in order to provide custom authentication. For example, to configure pypiserver to authenticate using the python-pam_::

    import pam
    pypiserver.default_config(auther=pam.authenticate)

  Please see `Using Ad-hoc authentication providers`_ for more information.

#. You need to restart the server with the -P option only once (but user/password pairs can later be added or updated on the fly)::

 ./pypi-server -p 8080 -P htpasswd.txt ~/packages &

Upload with setuptools

#. On client-side, edit or create a ~/.pypirc file with a similar content::

 [distutils]
 index-servers =
   pypi
   local

 [pypi]
 username:<your_pypi_username>
 password:<your_pypi_passwd>

 [local]
 repository: http://localhost:8080
 username: <some_username>
 password: <some_passwd>

#. Then from within the directory of the python-project you wish to upload, issue this command::

 python setup.py sdist upload -r local

Upload with twine_

To avoid storing you passwords on disk, in clear text, you may either:

  • use the register setuptools's command with the -r option, like that::

    python setup.py sdist register -r local upload -r local

  • use twine_ library, which breaks the procedure in two steps. In addition, it supports signing your files with PGP-Signatures and uploading the generated .asc files to pypiserver::

    twine upload -r local --sign -identity user_name ./foo-1.zip

Upload with pypi-uploader_

You can also upload packages using pypi-uploader_, which obviates the need to download packages locally prior to uploading them to pypiserver. You can install it with pip install pypi-uploader, and assuming you have a pypi_local source set up in your ~/.pypirc, use it like this::

pypiupload packages mock==1.0.1 requests==2.2.1 -i pypi_local
pypiupload requirements requirements.txt -i pypi_local

Alternative Installation methods

When trying the methods below, first use the following command to check whether previous versions of pypiserver already exist, and (optionally) uninstall them::

VERSION-CHECK: Fails if not installed.

pypi-server --version

UNINSTALL: Invoke again untill it fails.

pip uninstall pypiserver

Installing the very latest version

In case the latest version in pypi is a pre-release, you have to use pip's --pre option. And to update an existing installation combine it with --ignore-installed::

pip install pypiserver --pre -I

You can even install the latest pypiserver directly from github with the following command, assuming you have git installed on your PATH::

pip install git+git://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver.git

Installing it as standalone script

The git repository contains a pypi-server-standalone.py script, which is a single python file that can be executed without any other dependencies.

Run the following commands to download the script with wget::

wget https://raw.github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver/standalone/pypi-server-standalone.py chmod +x pypi-server-standalone.py

or with curl::

curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver/standalone/pypi-server-standalone.py chmod +x pypi-server-standalone.py

You can then start-up the server with::

./pypi-server-standalone.py

Feel free to rename the script and move it into your $PATH.

Running on heroku/dotcloud

https://github.com/dexterous/pypiserver-on-the-cloud contains instructions on how to run pypiserver on one of the supported cloud service providers.

Recipes

Managing the package directory

The pypi-server command has the -U option that searches for updates of available packages. It scans the package directory for available packages and searches on pypi.org for updates. Without further options pypi-server -U will just print a list of commands which must be run in order to get the latest version of each package. Output looks like::

$ ./pypi-server -U
checking 106 packages for newer version

.........u.e...........e..u.............
.....e..............................e...
..........................

no releases found on pypi for PyXML, Pymacs, mercurial, setuptools

# update raven from 1.4.3 to 1.4.4
pip -q install --no-deps  --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple -d /home/ralf/packages/mirror raven==1.4.4

# update greenlet from 0.3.3 to 0.3.4
pip -q install --no-deps  --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple -d /home/ralf/packages/mirror greenlet==0.3.4

It first prints for each package a single character after checking the available versions on pypi. A dot(.) means the package is up-to-date, 'u' means the package can be updated and 'e' means the list of releases on pypi is empty. After that it shows a pip command line which can be used to update a one package. Either copy and paste that or run pypi-server -Ux in order to really execute those commands. You need to have pip installed for that to work however.

Specifying an additional -u option will also allow alpha, beta and release candidates to be downloaded. Without this option these releases won't be considered.

Serving thousands of packages

By default, pypiserver scans the entire packages directory each time an incoming HTTP request occurs. This isn't a problem for a small number of packages, but causes noticeable slow-downs when serving thousands of packages.

If you run into this problem, significant speedups can be gained by enabling pypiserver's directory caching functionality. The only requirement is to install the watchdog package, or it can be installed during pypiserver installation, by specifying the cache extras option::

pip install pypiserver[cache]

If you are using a static webserver such as Apache or nginx as a reverse-proxy for pypiserver, additional speedup can be gained by directly serving the packages directory:

For instance, in nginx you may adding the following config to serve packages-directly directly (take care not to expose "sensitive" files)::

location /packages/ {
  root /path/to/packages/parentdir;
}

If you have packages that are very large, you may find it helpful to disable hashing of files (set --hash-algo=off, or hash_algo=None when using wsgi).

Managing Automated Startup

There are a variety of options for handling the automated starting of pypiserver upon system startup. Two of the most common are systemd and supervisor.

Running as a systemd service

*systemd* is installed by default on most modern Linux systems and as such,
it is an excellent option for managing the pypiserver process. An example
config file for ``systemd`` can be seen below::

    [Unit]
    Description=A minimal PyPI server for use with pip/easy_install.
    After=network.target

    [Service]
    Type=simple
    # systemd requires absolute path here too.
    PIDFile=/var/run/pypiserver.pid
    User=www-data
    Group=www-data

    ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/pypi-server -p 8080 -a update,download --log-file /var/log/pypiserver.log -P /etc/nginx/.htpasswd /var/www/pypi
    ExecStop=/bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
    Restart=always

    WorkingDirectory=/var/www/pypi

    TimeoutStartSec=3
    RestartSec=5

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

Adjusting the paths and adding this file as ``pypiserver.service`` into your
``systemd/system`` directory will allow management of the pypiserver process with
``systemctl``, e.g. ``systemctl start pypiserver``.

More useful information about *systemd* can be found at
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-systemctl-to-manage-systemd-services-and-units


Launching through *supervisor*

supervisor <http://supervisord.org/>_ has the benefit of being a pure python package and as such, it provides excellent cross-platform support for process management. An example configuration file for supervisor is given below::

[program:pypi]
command=/home/pypi/pypi-venv/bin/pypi-server -p 7001 -P /home/pypi/.htaccess /home/pypi/packages
directory=/home/pypi
user=pypi
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/pypiserver.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/pypiserver.out.log

From there, the process can be managed via supervisord using supervisorctl.

Using a different WSGI-server

  • The bottle web-server which supports many WSGI-servers, among others, paste, cherrypy, twisted and wsgiref (part of python); you select them using the --server flag.

  • You may view all supported WSGI servers using the following interactive code::

    from pypiserver import bottle list(bottle.server_names.keys()) ['cgi', 'gunicorn', 'cherrypy', 'eventlet', 'tornado', 'geventSocketIO', 'rocket', 'diesel', 'twisted', 'wsgiref', 'fapws3', 'bjoern', 'gevent', 'meinheld', 'auto', 'aiohttp', 'flup', 'gae', 'paste', 'waitress']

  • If none of the above servers matches your needs, invoke just the pypiserver:app() method which returns the internal WSGI-app WITHOUT starting-up a server - you may then send it to any WSGI-server you like. Read also the Utilizing the API_ section.

  • Some examples are given below - you may find more details in bottle site <http://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/deployment.html#switching-the-server-backend>_.

Apache (mod_wsgi)

To use your *Apache2* with *pypiserver*, prefer to utilize *mod_wsgi* as
explained in `bottle's documentation <http://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/deployment.html#apache-mod-wsgi>`_.

.. Note::
   If you choose instead to go with *mod_proxy*, mind that you may bump into problems
   with the prefix-path (see `#155 <https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver/issues/155>`_).

1. Adapt and place the following *Apache* configuration either into top-level scope,
   or inside some ``<VirtualHost>`` (contributed by Thomas Waldmann)::

        WSGIScriptAlias   /     /yoursite/wsgi/pypiserver-wsgi.py
        WSGIDaemonProcess       pypisrv user=pypisrv group=pypisrv umask=0007 \
                                processes=1 threads=5 maximum-requests=500 \
                                display-name=wsgi-pypisrv inactivity-timeout=300
        WSGIProcessGroup        pypisrv
        WSGIPassAuthorization On    ## (Optional) Use also apache's authentication.

        <Directory /yoursite/wsgi >
            Require all granted
        </Directort>

   or if using older ``Apache < 2.4``, substitute the last part with this::

        <Directory /yoursite/wsgi >
            Order deny,allow
            Allow from all
        </Directort>

2. Then create the ``/yoursite/cfg/pypiserver.wsgi`` file and make sure that
   the ``user`` and ``group`` of the ``WSGIDaemonProcess`` directive
   (``pypisrv:pypisrv`` in the example) have the read permission on it::

        import pypiserver

        conf = pypiserver.default_config(
            root =          "/yoursite/packages",
            password_file = "/yoursite/htpasswd", )
        application = pypiserver.app(**conf)


   .. Tip::
      If you have installed *pypiserver* in a virtualenv, follow ``mod_wsgi``'s
      `instructions <http://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/virtual-environments.html>`_
      and prepend the python code above with the following::

            import site

            site.addsitedir('/yoursite/venv/lib/pythonX.X/site-packages')

.. Note::
   For security reasons, notice that the ``Directory`` directive grants access
   to a directory holding the *wsgi* start-up script, alone; nothing else.


gunicorn
~~~~~~~~

The following command uses *gunicorn* to start *pypiserver*::

  gunicorn -w4 'pypiserver:app(root="/home/ralf/packages")'

or when using multiple roots::

  gunicorn -w4 'pypiserver:app(root=["/home/ralf/packages", "/home/ralf/experimental"])'


paste/pastedeploy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`paste <http://pythonpaste.org/>`_ allows to run multiple WSGI applications
under different URL paths. Therefore it's possible to serve different set
of packages on different paths.

The following example ``paste.ini`` could be used to serve stable and
unstable packages on different paths::

    [composite:main]
    use = egg:Paste#urlmap
    /unstable/ = unstable
    / = stable

    [app:stable]
    use = egg:pypiserver#main
    root = ~/stable-packages

    [app:unstable]
    use = egg:pypiserver#main
    root = ~/stable-packages
       ~/unstable-packages

    [server:main]
    use = egg:gunicorn#main
    host = 0.0.0.0
    port = 9000
    workers = 5
    accesslog = -

.. Note::
   You need to install some more dependencies for this to work, like::

        pip install paste pastedeploy gunicorn pypiserver

   The server can then start with::

        gunicorn_paster paste.ini


Behind a reverse proxy
----------------------
You can run *pypiserver* behind a reverse proxy aswell.

Nginx
~~~~~
Extend your nginx configuration::

    upstream pypi {
      server              pypiserver.example.com:12345 fail_timeout=0;
    }

    server {
       server_name         myproxy.example.com;

      location / {
        proxy_set_header  Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass        http://pypi;
      }
    }


Utilizing the API
-----------------
In order to enable ad-hoc authentication-providers or to use WSGI-servers
not supported by *bottle* out-of-the-box, you needed to launch *pypiserver*
via its API.

- The main entry-point for configuring *pypiserver* is the `pypiserver:app()
  <https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver/blob/master/pypiserver/__init__.py#L116>`_
  function.  This function returns the internal WSGI-app that you my then
  send to any WSGI-server you like.

- To get all ``pypiserver:app()`` keywords and their explanations, read the
  function `pypiserver:default_config()
  <https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver/blob/master/pypiserver/__init__.py#L35>`_.

- Finally, to fire-up a WSGI-server with the configured app, invoke
  the ``bottle:run(app, host, port, server)`` function.
  Note that *pypiserver* ships with it's own copy of *bottle*; to use it,
  import it like that: ``from pypiserver import bottle``

Using ad-hoc authentication providers

The auther keyword of pypiserver:app() function maybe set only using the API. This can be any callable that returns a boolean when passed the username and t

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